![]() During 1991–2019 there was significant overall warming of ~4.4☌ in winter, ~2.7☌ in spring, and ~1.7☌ in summer, that was generally focused in areas away from the extreme south.The climate in high-Arctic Greenland is greatly influenced by the amount and spread of sea ice. In recent years, the extent of the Polar Ice has been reduced for long periods, and this has led to unusual events such as wave erosion along the coasts which previously had not seen open sea to the same extent. The continental climate in high-Arctic Greenland is determined by sea ice from the Arctic Ocean, which hitherto has made up the pack-ice belt, often up to several hundred kilometers wide, which floats southwards along the east coast of Greenland. Winter precipitation is limited as parts of north Greenland has a desert climate with less than 25 mm precipitation per year, corresponding to about 1% of the precipitation at the southern tip of Greenland. The temperature is rarely above zero degrees from September to May. The climate has continental characteristics with very cold winters down to minus 50 degrees (Celsius) in north Greenland. North and north-east Greenland are in the high-Arctic zone. This part of Greenland is characterized by relatively mild winters with a lot of snow and periods of thaw, and wet summers with average temperatures of less than 10☌ in the warmest month. The climate in southwest Greenland, where most of the population of 55,000 live, is low-Arctic. Furthest south, and closest to the edge of the ice, the climate is sub-Arctic with a mean temperature of more than 10☌ in July. ![]() About 80% of the land is covered by an ice sheet that is up to 3 km thick, while the ice-free land areas are limited to a coastal strip that is 50-300 km wide.
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